Before the 1830s the Evanston area was mostly wetland and swampy forest, but the Potawatomi used trails along the higher north-south ridges and had at least some semi-permanent settlements along them. French explorers called the area Grosse Pointe, after a point of land jutting into Lake Michigan about 13 miles north of the mouth of the Chicago River, which steadily eroded into the lake. After the first non-Native settlers arrived in 1836, the area was known as the Grosse Point Territory or voting district. It remained sparsely settled, with some farming and lumbering on the high ground and taverns along the ridge roads. In 1850 Ridgeville Township was organized, with a few hundred settlers and a post office at one of the taverns, but no municipality.
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In 1851 a group of Methodist business leaders founded Northwestern University and Garrett Biblical Institute. Unable to find land along the North Shore, they were about to buy farmland west of Chicago when Orrington Lunt insisted on a final visit to a wooded bluff on the lake, and they bought several hundred acres there from the farmer John Foster. In 1854 the founders submitted plans for a city named Evanston, after one of their leaders, John Evans, which were approved in 1857, and Evanston Township was split from Ridgeville.
Evanston was incorporated as a town on December 29, 1863, but in 1869 declined to become a city even after the legislature passed a bill for it. It annexed North Evanston after the Civil War, and in early 1892, after annexing South Evanston, voters chose to organize as a city, with boundaries largely unchanged since.
Sources
Wikipedia: Evanston, Illinois