The first people to settle the Palm Springs area were the Cahuilla, who arrived about 2,000 years ago and spoke Ivilyuat, a Uto-Aztecan language, and the area produced powerful Cahuilla leaders such as Cahuilla Lion, Chief Juan Antonio. They lived in permanent settlements in the well-watered, shaded canyons, spending winters in Palm Canyon and at the hot springs downtown and summers in cooler Chino Canyon, hunting rabbit, mountain sheep and quail and gathering berries, acorns, seeds and mesquite. Their petroglyphs, irrigation ditches, dams and house pits survive in Tahquitz, Chino, Andreas and Indian canyons. The Cahuilla called the place Se-Khi, "boiling water."
More about Palm Springs
In December 1823 the Mexican diarist Jose Maria Estudillo and Brevet Captain Jose Romero, seeking a route from Sonora to Alta California, first recorded "Agua Caliente" at Palm Springs. When the United States established the Agua Caliente Reservation in 1876, it was laid out in alternating square-mile sections in a checkerboard pattern, with the sections between granted to the Southern Pacific Railroad to encourage it to build across the desert. The reservation covers about 32,000 acres, about 6,700 of them within the city, making the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians the city's largest landowner. Many streets bear common Cahuilla surnames, among them Andreas, Arenas, Amado, Lugo, Patencio and Saturnino.
The settler McCallum, who brought his ill son to the dry climate, enlisted Dr. Oliver Wozencroft and the engineer J. P. Lippincott to build a canal from the Whitewater River to his orchards and asked Dr. Welwood Murray to open a hotel, which he did in 1886. Record floods in 1893 and an 11-year drought that followed damaged the crops and irrigation works.
Sources
Wikipedia: Palm Springs, California