Gulfport was built as the terminus of a railroad. Two older villages came first: Handsboro, on the bayous to the north, and Mississippi City, on the Gulf, which was laid out by the Mississippi City Company, formed in 1837 to serve as the end of the planned Gulf and Ship Island Railroad. A depression stopped the railroad, but Mississippi City was built anyway and became the seat of Harrison County when the county was created in 1841.
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The railroad company was later revived under William H. Hardy, founder of Hattiesburg, who wanted deeper water than Mississippi City offered. He chose the site of Gulfport in 1887, and in 1888 the town got its name from R. H. Henry, editor of the Jackson Clarion-Ledger, after a conversation with Hardy. The cost bankrupted Hardy in 1893, and the town nearly emptied, until Philadelphia oil man Joseph T. Jones bought the company and paid for the railroad, much of the town, the harbor and the dredging of its channel. Gulfport was incorporated on July 28, 1898, the railroad was finished in 1900, and the port opened in 1902, the same year the county voted to move its seat to Gulfport.
On April 28, 1904, the Treasury Department moved the district's port of entry to Gulfport from Shieldsboro (Bay St. Louis). The harbor soon made Gulfport the largest lumber-exporting city in the United States, shipping more than 293 million feet in 1906, until the yellow pine forests ran out. The population grew from about 1,000 in 1900 to more than 6,000 by 1910, and Gulfport is now the second-largest city in Mississippi.
Sources
Wikipedia: Gulfport, Mississippi