Biloxi takes its name from the Biloxi people, rendered Bilocci by the French. In 1699 Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville founded Fort Maurepas, known as "Old Biloxi," across the bay at present-day Ocean Springs. In 1720 the French settled the site of today's Biloxi around Fort Louis and moved the capital of French Louisiana here from Mobile, but fear of tides and hurricanes led Governor Bienville to move the capital again in 1722, to the new town of New Orleans. Britain ruled the coast from 1763 to 1779 and Spain from 1779 to 1810, though Biloxi stayed largely French in character. It came under the United States in 1811 as part of the Mississippi Territory.
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Before the Civil War, Biloxi became a summer resort for planters and merchants drawn by the sea breezes and easy access from New Orleans. The Biloxi Lighthouse, built in Baltimore and shipped south, was completed in May 1848. Union forces took nearby Ship Island early in the war, but Biloxi saw no major fighting. In 1881 the first seafood cannery opened, and others followed, drawing immigrants from Europe to work shrimp and oysters; Biloxi's blessing of the fishing fleet, held since 1929, is thought to be the first in the United States.
During World War II the Army Air Forces built Keesler Field, now Keesler Air Force Base, and the city boomed. In 1959 physician Gilbert R. Mason and seven friends challenged the whites-only beach, beginning the Biloxi Wade-Ins; the protests were followed in 1960 by the worst racial riot in Mississippi history and ultimately led to the desegregation of the beaches. Biloxi's long, open-secret gambling history, dating to an illegal casino at the Broadwater Beach Resort in the 1940s, became legal when Mississippi allowed casino gambling in the 1990s.
Sources
Wikipedia: Biloxi, Mississippi