Monroe's origins go back to Spanish colonial rule, when the Ouachita Valley was thinly settled, mostly by wandering hunters and trappers. In 1781 the Spanish sent Jean Baptiste Filhiol from South Louisiana to oversee the settlement of the Poste du Ouachita, and in 1785 he made Prairie des Canots, now Monroe, its seat of government. At the settlers' request a fort was built in 1791 and named Fort Miro for the Spanish governor, Esteban Miro. It was renamed Monroe to mark the arrival of the first steamboat, the James Monroe, in the spring of 1820.
More about Monroe
In 1913 Joseph A. Biedenharn, the first bottler of Coca-Cola, moved to Monroe from Vicksburg, Mississippi, and his home and gardens are now the Biedenharn Museum and Gardens. Collett E. Woolman, the Ouachita Parish agent, originally from Indiana, pioneered crop dusting to fight the boll weevil, which was destroying cotton across the Mississippi Delta, and started the world's first crop-dusting service, using methods developed at the agricultural experiment station. Biedenharn and his son Malcolm were among the founders of the company, first called Delta Dusters and founded at Tallulah, Louisiana, that became Delta Air Lines. The collapse of cotton farming cost many farm jobs and contributed to the Great Migration of the early 20th century.
Sources
Wikipedia: Monroe, Louisiana