The first documented Native inhabitants of the Thibodaux area were the Chawasha, a small tribe related to the Chitimacha of the upper Bayou Lafourche. Europeans arrived in the 18th century, under Spanish rule, including French nationals, Louisiana-born French and German Creoles, and Spanish and Acadian immigrants, and they brought enslaved Africans to develop rice and sugarcane plantations. After the Louisiana Purchase the territorial legislature created Lafourche County, later Lafourche Parish, in 1805, and Americans from other states began to settle.
More about Thibodaux
By 1808 a trading post and village called Thibodeauxville stood on the west bank of Bayou Lafourche near its meeting with Bayou Terrebonne, and by the 1820s it was a local center of the sugar industry. It was incorporated in 1830 as Thibodauxville, honoring the planter Henry Schuyler Thibodaux, son of Acadian exiles, who gave the land for the village center and as lieutenant governor served as acting governor of Louisiana in 1824. The name was shortened in 1838, and the present spelling was apparently adopted in 1900. Henry Clay visited in January 1844.
In November 1887, during a strike by sugarcane workers, a white militia committee began shooting Black workers and some family members, killing an estimated 35, possibly many more, in what is called the Thibodaux massacre, generally considered the second bloodiest labor dispute in U.S. history. The workers returned to the plantations on the planters' terms, and the massacre, followed by disfranchisement and Jim Crow laws, ended organizing among cane workers until the 1940s.
Sources
Wikipedia: Thibodaux, Louisiana