Eglin Air Force Base, the largest installation in the U.S. Air Force, grew from a small airfield at Valparaiso. In 1931 officers of the Army Air Corps Tactical School at Maxwell Field, Alabama, looking for a bombing and gunnery range, saw promise in the thinly settled forests around Valparaiso and the open waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Local businessman and aviation enthusiast James E. Plew, hoping a military payroll would lift the Depression-stricken area, leased 137 acres to the City of Valparaiso for an airport in 1933 and in 1934 offered the government 1,460 adjoining acres. The Valparaiso Bombing and Gunnery Base was activated there on June 14, 1935, under Captain Arnold H. Rich. On August 4, 1937, it was renamed Eglin Field for Lieutenant Colonel Frederick I. Eglin of the Air Corps, who had been killed in a plane crash on January 1 of that year.
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World War II made Eglin enormous. On June 27, 1940, the U.S. Forest Service ceded the Choctawhatchee National Forest, some 384,000 acres by the base's count, to the War Department for an aircraft armament proving ground. Eglin became a center for fighter gunnery training and for testing aircraft, weapons and tactics, and in March 1942 Lieutenant Colonel Jimmy Doolittle used it as one of the sites where his B-25 crews prepared for their raid on Tokyo. In 1944 its personnel worked out tactics for destroying German V-1 launch sites. At the wartime peak the base employed more than 15,000 officers, enlisted personnel and civilians.
After the war Eglin pioneered guided-missile work and, on January 13, 1947, flew a drone from Eglin to Washington, D.C., in a simulated bombing mission. It became Eglin Air Force Base on June 24, 1948, and has remained the Air Force's main center for testing non-nuclear weapons. The base also trained the Son Tay Raiders in 1970, housed more than 10,000 Southeast Asian refugees at a "Tent City" in 1975, and processed more than 10,000 Cuban refugees in 1980.
Sources
Eglin Air Force Base: Eglin Air Force Base History (fact sheet)
Wikipedia: Eglin Air Force Base