Until the mid-19th century the Mount Pleasant area was home to bands of the Ojibwe, known to English speakers as the Chippewa, who ceded vast lands to the United States in the early decades of the century. The federal Graduation Act of 1854 let settlers buy government land at discount prices, and the first white settlers began to arrive. Under the Treaty of 1855, Ojibwe bands from the Saginaw, Swan Creek and Black rivers, today's Saginaw Chippewa Tribal Nation, were relocated to the Isabella Indian Reservation in Isabella County, and the Homestead Act of 1862 drew more settlers, including European immigrants.
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In 1875 a fire that began in the Fancher Building at Broadway and Main destroyed several buildings along Broadway, and another fire seven years later damaged the south side of the street. The town's first library, the Library, Literary and Musical Association of Mount Pleasant, was founded in 1879 from board members' own books. In 1890 W. A. Jordan started the Mount Pleasant Business College, renamed in 1892 the Central Michigan Normal School and Business Institute when it added teacher training, the origin of Central Michigan University.
On January 3, 1893, the federal government opened the Mount Pleasant Indian Industrial Boarding School, where Native children were forced to give up their culture and language. It operated for forty years, closing in 1933, and the Saginaw Chippewa Tribal Nation later bought the abandoned building from the state. In 1928 large oil deposits were found in the area, first on the Lilly family farm, and the city became known as the Oil Capital of Michigan, a legacy reflected in its seal and in the high school mascot, the Oilers.
Sources
Wikipedia: Mount Pleasant, Michigan